Pioneering therapies to restore brain and metabolic health
Leal Therapeutics is developing first-in-class, novel, neuro-metabolic therapeutics for high unmet need CNS disorders.
Leal Therapeutics is developing first-in-class, novel, neuro-metabolic therapeutics for high unmet need CNS disorders.
At Leal, we are taking a potentially transformative approach focused on correcting key metabolic imbalances that underlie neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
Leal’s programs are rooted in foundational neuroscience: human genetics, human biomarker data, and a deep understanding of the metabolic and biochemical pathways that are altered in CNS disease.
Currently available therapies for brain disorders are often ineffective, are more targeted towards treating symptoms rather than underlying imbalances, and can lead to unwanted side effects.
We are pursuing metabolic targets and pathways that are well-understood for their role in characterized cellular processes such as lipid and amino acid metabolism. We have identified these as targets for major CNS disorders based on human genetics, human biomarker data, and preclinical studies. Imbalances or overproduction in these pathways can be toxic and inflammatory and interfere with brain cell processes, driving various disorders.
Our lead programs address urgent unmet needs for people living with central nervous system disorders by targeting dysregulated metabolism:
Our therapeutics are engineered to effectively engage their enzyme targets in the CNS and demonstrate unique potential to improve both neurological and metabolic outcomes, including obesity and insulin resistance.
Our team is made up of neurologists, chemists, clinicians, scientists, and experts across multiple disciplines. But above all, we are patient advocates. We understand that there are an immense number of people living with CNS disorders who urgently require better treatment options. With deep CNS drug development experience, we’re uniquely equipped to lead this new wave of potentially life-changing therapeutics.
We integrate extensive human genetics, human biomarker data, preclinical model data, and physiology to identify highly validated, yet novel, neurometabolic targets. Grounded in this scientific validation, our team brings together deep capabilities and experience in neuroscience and therapeutic development to bring first-in-class and best-in-class medicines to patients.
Leal’s team has particular expertise in development and chemistry of CNS therapeutics, with a particular focus on small molecule and nucleic acid modalities. A major hurdle in the development of CNS treatments is effectively delivering compounds across the CNS, as the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) can limit access.
Oral small molecules with brain penetration. We use iterative medicinal chemistry strategies to develop novel brain-penetrant small molecules including LTX-001 and LTX-007.
Nucleic acids. We have expertise in the development of novel antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) for the CNS. One delivery strategy that has shown to be effective for certain indications, such as in spinal cord disorders, is intrathecal delivery of ASOs including LTX-002.
Next-gen peripheral delivery to the CNS. We have established a next-generation delivery platform utilizing antibody-like shuttle technology to deliver nucleic acids peripherally – such as intravenously or subcutaneously – and enable effective crossing of the BBB and target engagement.
We are pioneering a pipeline of neurometabolic therapeutics that address key unmet needs. By targeting major pathways that impact aging and neurodegeneration, we aim to address the underlying drivers of these conditions at their source.
BD = Bipolar Disorder
MDD = Major Depressive Disorder
AD = Alzheimer’s Disease
LTX-001 is a clinical-stage, first in-class oral small molecule targeting glutaminase (GLS1), the enzyme that generates glutamate from glutamine. Excessive glutamate can cause neuronal over-excitation (excitatory/inhibitory imbalance) and altered brain activity as well as inflammation and toxicity, whereas rebalancing glutamate production and increasing glutamine is protective. GLS1 inhibition aims to restore the glutamine-glutamate balance and reduce synaptic dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage associated with neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders.
Available schizophrenia treatments including D2 dopamine receptor drugs and M1/M4 receptor drugs primarily target positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, while LTX-001 has the potential to also address negative symptoms and cognitive symptoms which significantly impact daily functioning and quality of life. LTX-001 is also expected to have a differentiated safety profile (no evidence of sedation or movement disorders) and has the potential for a metabolic benefit, in contrast to antidopaminergic drugs which can lead to weight gain. LTX-001 therefore also has a unique opportunity to address the significant overlap between metabolic syndrome and psychiatric disorders.
LTX-001 has completed a Phase 1 clinical trial demonstrating safety and CNS target engagement and is advancing to Phase 1b/2a in 2026.
LTX-001 is currently being evaluated in a Phase 1a clinical trial.
LTX-002 is a first-in-class intrathecally delivered antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that targets SPTLC1, an essential component of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). SPT is the first and rate-limiting enzyme that leads to a diversity of ceramide and sphingolipid species; mutations that disinhibit this complex cause degenerative disorders such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). More generally, excessive ceramides and sphingolipids, due either to defects in their degradation and disposal or their excessive production, are known to cause cellular defects that underlie degenerative disorders in the CNS and periphery.
ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with an average life expectancy of only three years. Available therapeutics for sporadic ALS have very limited efficacy. The most effective therapy currently available, Qalsody®, is an intrathecal ASO benefitting only patients with a SOD1 mutation, representing fewer than 2% of patients. LTX-002 has the potential to benefit the broader ALS population, regardless of genetic background. Targeting the SPT pathway also enables the use of robust biomarkers of target engagement.
A first-in-human clinical trial for LTX-002 in ALS patients is planned to initiate in early 2026.
Leal has advanced oral small molecule inhibitors of SPT to candidate-selection stage. Human genetic and biomarker data, supported by preclinical data from Leal and others, support advancing LTX-007 in Alzheimer’s disease as well as other CNS sphingolipid disorders.
LTX-008 is an oral small molecule SPT inhibitor at candidate-selection stage for obesity / metabolic syndrome. LTX-008 has the potential to provide a benefit in metabolic disease, obesity, and weight loss maintenance. This is supported by Leal’s preclinical data, published studies in disease models, and human biomarker data.
“Leal” means devoted, loyal and true — values we uphold every day. We partner closely with patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers to ensure that our therapies address real-world needs and create meaningful outcomes.
Drug development is a highly collaborative process, and we are indebted to the patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers we work alongside. The Leal team closely partners with these individuals, ensuring our therapies can meet their needs and offer the greatest chance for improving outcomes. We understand this is the best way to deliver neurometabolic therapeutics to the people who need them—quickly and with care.
For questions about our studies, please email us at clinicaltrials@lealtx.com.
[Clinical trial descriptor/link for LTX-001]
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At Leal, we’re building a team of people who are passionate about developing transformative therapies for CNS diseases. We’re seeking likeminded people to join our mission. Apply to be a member of the Leal team today.
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Asa Abeliovich, MD, PhD
/in BOD, Leadership/by eallisonCEO & Founder, Director
Asa Abeliovich brings more than 25 years of academic and industry experience in CNS disorders. Asa was the Chief Executive Officer and Founder at Prevail Therapeutics, which was acquired by Eli Lilly in 2021. Prior to that, Asa was Co-Founder of and consulting Chief Innovation Officer at Alector. Asa was a tenured Associate Professor of Pathology, Cell Biology, and Neurology at Columbia University, as well as a member of the Taub Institute for Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain. He served as an Attending Physician in Neurology at the New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the New York Psychiatric Institute. Asa holds M.D. and Ph.D. degrees from Harvard Medical School and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), respectively, and Bachelor’s degrees in life sciences and humanities from MIT.
Ottavio Vitolo, MD
/in Leadership/by eallisonChief Medical Officer
Ottavio Vitolo is a neuropsychiatrist and neuroscientist with over two decades of experience in translational research and clinical development across academia and industry. His work spans small molecules, biologics, and gene therapies for rare and common neurological and psychiatric disorders. Most recently, he served as consulting Chief Medical Officer at Muna Therapeutics and Damona Pharmaceuticals and co-founded and led Vitam Therapeutics developing a novel ketamine derivative for mood disorders. He has held executive and senior leadership positions at Cerevance, Alcyone Therapeutics, Shire, Pfizer, Homology Medicines, and Relmada Therapeutics, where he advanced dextromethadone for the treatment of depression from Phase 1 to Phase 3. In addition to his industry leadership, he maintains a clinical practice focused on neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions and holds a teaching appointment at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
Eduardo Paredes, PhD, MBA
/in Leadership/by eallisonChief Technology Officer
Eduardo Paredes is our Chief Technology Officer. He has extensive experience in all aspects of CMC operations and project management, process/analytical development, control strategy and validation, and CMC regulatory filings. Previously, Eduardo led Process Innovation, Process Transfer and Process Development at Nitto Denko Avecia. Eduardo has been in the oligonucleotide field for over a decade in many facets including basic research, CMO operations and now drug development. He holds a Ph.D., M.S, and B.S in Chemistry from the Center for Nucleic Acid Science and Technology at Carnegie Mellon University. Eduardo is originally from Mexico but has lived in the US for over 20 years.
Herve Rhinn, PhD
/in Leadership/by eallisonExecutive VP, Discovery and Bioinformatics
Herve Rhinn is our Executive Vice President of Discovery & Bioinformatics. Herve was previously in charge of Bioinformatics and Discovery at Prevail Therapeutics and, prior to that, led the Target Discovery, Functional Genomics and Immuno-Neurology groups at Alector. He spent 10 years at Columbia University, in Asa Abeliovich’s lab, holding an Assistant Professor position in the Pathology Department. There he worked on generating and integrating large-scale omics datasets to elucidate the effect of the disease-associated genetic variants in neurodegenerative disorders and developed innovative analysis methods that identified genetic determinants of human brain aging. Prior to this, he worked in Daniel Scherman’s lab on non-viral gene therapy for CNS lysosomal storage disorders and on traumatic brain injury and cerebral ischemia models. An engineer by training (Master of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique, France) he holds a Ph.D. in Biology (Pierre and Marie Curie / Sorbonne University, Paris, France).
Laura D. Heckman, PhD
/in Leadership/by eallisonExecutive VP, Translational Sciences
Laura D. Heckman is our Executive Vice President of Translational Sciences. She has extensive experience in a range of neurological disorders, including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric, and in CNS therapeutics drug development. Prior to joining Leal, she led preclinical development for CNS therapeutics programs at Prevail Therapeutics and Spark Therapeutics, advancing multiple therapies into the clinic for neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. She holds a B.A. in Biology from the University of Pennsylvania, a Ph.D. in Molecular and Human Genetics from Baylor College of Medicine, and completed her postdoctoral training at The Rockefeller University.
Giulio Tomassy, PhD
/in Leadership/by eallisonSenior VP, Translational Sciences
Giulio Tomassy is our Senior Vice President of Translational Sciences. He received his Ph.D. in Cellular and Developmental Biology from the University of Rome, where he studied the expression and function of the cholinergic system in the dorsal root ganglia neurons. During his postdoctoral work he studied at Telethon institute of Genetics and Medicine in Naples and at Harvard University; during those years, he contributed to deciphering several aspects of the development of the cerebral cortex, including a seminal work that discovered a cell subtype-specific interaction between oligodendrocytes and projection neurons in shaping cortical myelination. Since then, he’s worked in CNS drug development at Biogen and Sanofi where, among other things, he led the IND-enabling preclinical work for Tofersen (SOD1 ASO), BIIB078 (C9orf72 ASO) as well as a novel AAV-based gene therapy for Myotonic Dystrophy.
Lawrence Severt, MD, PhD
/in Leadership/by eallisonVP, Clinical Development
Lawrence Severt is our Vice President of Clinical Development. He has extensive experience in clinical neurodegenerative diseases. Lawrence began his medical career in a large academic movement disorders practice in the Mount Sinai system in New York, where he treated patients with complex neurological diseases and served as principal investigator for numerous clinical trials. When he moved to industry, he joined the clinical development teams at Allergan/AbbVie to bring two oral CGRP-receptor antagonists from early phase to market (Ubrelvy and Qulipta). Lawrence holds an M.D./Ph.D. degree from the Medical College of Virginia, a Graduate Diploma in Neuroscience from the Australian National University, and a Bachelor’s degree in East Asian Studies from Princeton University. Outside of Leal, Lawrence enjoys getting his hands dirty in his vegetable garden and getting his feet dirty on adventures with his dog, Jack.
Jeff Bernier
/in Leadership/by eallisonVP, Clinical Operations
Jeff Bernier is our VP of Clinical Operations and joined Leal in 2024. He has 30 years of drug development experience, including phase I-IV clinical project management and oversight across multiple therapeutic areas, primarily in rare disease and CNS. He was most recently Head of Clinical Operations at NLS Pharmaceutics, and previously was at Shire (now Takeda) for ~17 years.
Hong Jiang, MS
/in Leadership/by eallisonVP, DMPK and Bioanalytical Development
Hong Jiang is our Vice President of DMPK and Bioanalytical Development. She joined Leal with more than two decades of industry experience spanning from drug discovery to commercialization in the field of analytical science and development. Her past roles include serving as Head of Oligonucleotide Analytical Development at Biogen and as a Scientist in Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease and the DMPK platform at Novartis. She obtained her Master of Science degree from University of Texas at Austin.
Nishka Mittal, MS
/in Leadership/by eallisonVP, Business Development and Operations
Nishka Mittal is our VP of Business Development and Operations and joined Leal in 2022. She began her career at Deutsche Bank in the Healthcare Investment Banking group, where she advised biopharmaceutical clients on strategic and financial transactions, before joining OrbiMed Advisors, a leading healthcare investment firm. She holds a Master’s degree in Biomedical Sciences from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Bachelor’s degrees in Biology and Economics from Duke University.
Brian M. Kile, PhD
/in Leadership/by eallisonVP, CMC
Brian Kile is our VP of CMC and has served as the analytical subject matter expert for drug substance and drug product manufacturing across Leal’s pipeline since 2022. Brian received his Ph. D in Analytical Chemistry from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where he studied the release of neurotransmitters in disease state models using a variety of analytical techniques. He went on to accumulate experience in different aspects of analytical method development and strategy as a Forensic Examiner with the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Brian began a second career in pharmaceutical manufacturing at Nitto Denko Avecia where he led a team responsible for analytical method development and validation for a multitude of oligonucleotide therapeutic modalities from preclinical to commercial phases
Paul T. Yarabe, MBA
/in Leadership/by eallisonVP, Program and Portfolio Management
Paul T. Yarabe is our VP of Program and Portfolio Management. He has experience in program management, budget planning, CMC supply chain, regulatory/clinical operations, clinical development, and grant writing. Prior to joining Leal, he served as the global program manager for Rocket Pharmaceutical’s Danon Disease AAV gene therapy asset, helping to advance the program from preclinical to a registrational Phase 2. He holds a B.A. in Molecular and Cellular Biology from Harvard College, and an MBA from Harvard Business School.